When Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman rolled out the Union Budget 2026, expectations were high. Middle-class taxpayers were hoping for a meaningful nudge toward the new income tax regime, higher standard deductions, incentives to switch, or exemptions that would make the simpler regime more attractive. The reality, however, is that Budget 2026 largely maintained the status quo.
Status Quo Continues: What Remains in the New Tax Regime
For FY 2026-27, the new tax regime carries forward existing provisions, including:
-
Standard Deduction: ₹75,000 for salaried individuals and pensioners.
-
Employer’s Contribution to NPS: Deduction up to 14% of salary under Section 80CCD(2).
-
Family Pension Deduction: One-third of the pension or ₹15,000, whichever is lower.
-
Retirement Benefits: Leave encashment, gratuity, and voluntary retirement scheme exemptions remain unchanged.
-
Home Loan Interest (Let-Out Property): Deduction under Section 24, but still no deduction for self-occupied homes.
While functional, these provisions don’t incentivize taxpayers to switch from the old regime.
Old vs New Income Tax Regime – FY 2026-27
| Slab / Income Range (₹) | Old Regime Tax Rate | New Regime Tax Rate | Notes / Deductions Allowed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 3,00,000 | 0% | 0% | No tax under both regimes |
| 3,00,001 – 5,00,000 | 5% | 5% | Standard deduction ₹75,000 applicable in old regime; same in the new. |
| 5,00,001 – 7,50,000 | 10% | 10% | Old regime allows deductions under 80C, 80D, etc. |
| 7,50,001 – 10,00,000 | 15% | 15% | Similar deductions in old regime |
| 10,00,001 – 12,50,000 | 20% | 20% | Old regime can claim HRA, home loan interest, other exemptions |
| 12,50,001 – 15,00,000 | 25% | 25% | Mostly unchanged |
| Above 15,00,000 | 30% | 30% | Old regime allows further deductions; new regime is simpler but fewer exemptions |
| Surcharge + Cess | Up to 37% + 4% cess | Up to 39% + 4% cess | Slightly higher in new regime for very high incomes |
Key Takeaways:
-
New regime simplifies compliance but removes most deductions.
-
Old regime is more beneficial if you maximize deductions like 80C, 80D, HRA, and home loan interest.
-
Budget 2026 keeps rates unchanged, offering no new carrot to switch regimes.
Historical Context: Why the Two Regimes Exist
The old income tax regime is deduction-heavy, rewarding investments under Sections 80C, 80D, HRA, LTA, and more. Over time, it became cumbersome with lots of proofs and documentation.
The new regime, introduced in FY 2020-21, aimed to simplify taxes: lower slabs, fewer deductions, and easier filing. Adoption remains slow, with only about 20–25% of taxpayers currently opting for the new regime. Budget 2026 doesn’t change this dynamic, keeping migration voluntary.
Detailed Example: Old vs New Regime Calculation
| Income (₹) | Old Regime Tax (After Deductions) | New Regime Tax | Difference (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7,00,000 | 50,000 | 65,000 | +15,000 |
| 12,00,000 | 2,10,000 | 2,50,000 | +40,000 |
| 18,00,000 | 3,80,000 | 4,10,000 | +30,000 |
Observation: Middle-class taxpayers with deductions benefit from the old regime. High-income earners with fewer deductions may prefer the new regime for simplicity. Budget 2026 doesn’t change this calculus.
The Big “Misses” of Budget 2026
-
No Increase in Standard Deduction: The ₹75,000 ceiling remains.
-
NPS Employee Contribution Still Excluded: Only employer contributions get tax relief.
-
Highest Tax Slab Unchanged: Marginal rates remain steep.
-
Home Loan Interest Deduction Stays Flat: Section 24(b) unchanged.
Budget 2026 maintains the status quo, leaving the new regime functional but far from compelling.
Procedural Improvements in Budget 2026
While no major incentives were announced, the budget included compliance-friendly tweaks:
-
ITR Filing Extensions: More time to revise returns without penalty.
-
Simplified Reporting: Less proof required for minor deductions.
-
TCS/TDS Adjustments: Overseas education, travel, and remittance remittances see lower TCS rates.
-
Advance Tax Simplification: Reduces confusion for salaried taxpayers.
Expert Opinions
-
Shruti Singh, Tax Consultant: “Nothing in Budget 2026 materially pushes taxpayers toward the new regime. Middle-class taxpayers will continue calculating which regime saves more based on deductions.”
-
Rajiv Bansal, Chartered Accountant: “The government seems focused on procedural simplification rather than rate changes. Big reforms may come with the New Income Tax Act, 2025.”
Policy Implications
-
Government: Maintains revenue while encouraging gradual adoption of the new regime.
-
Taxpayers: Choice remains strategic; the old regime is still attractive if you maximize deductions.
-
Future Budgets: Analysts expect incremental changes possibly higher standard deductions, rebates, or new exemptions to encourage adoption.
Final Thoughts
Budget 2026 is evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Stability and procedural improvements take priority over aggressive tax reform. For most taxpayers, the choice between old and new regimes remains strategic, and no major incentive was provided to switch.
